A Critical Review on the Performance of Pile-Supported Rail Embankments under Cyclic Loading: Numerical Modeling Approach

Searching for economical and practical solutions to increase any transport substructure’s protection stability is critical ensuring the long-term viability adequate load-bearing capacity. Piles are increasingly being used as an environmentally sustainable solution enhance strength of soft subgrade soils on which embankments raised. As per available literature, there two main strategies explain railway embankments’ performance: experimental approaches numerical simulations a broad scale. The purpose this study examine state-of-the-art literature modeling methods adopted assess performance pile-supported rail subjected cyclic loading. paper addresses results from various appropriate mechanisms associated with load deformation response. It also presents key issues drawbacks these concerning embankment development while outlining specific shortcomings research gaps relevant enhanced future design analysis.